Intrinsically disordered HAX-1 regulates Ca cycling by interacting with lipid membranes and the phospholamban cytoplasmic region. Journal Article

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Authors: Larsen, EK; Weber, DK; Wang, S; Gopinath, T; Blackwell, DJ; Dalton, MP; Robia, SL; Gao, J; Veglia, G
Article Title: Intrinsically disordered HAX-1 regulates Ca cycling by interacting with lipid membranes and the phospholamban cytoplasmic region.
Abstract: Hematopoietic-substrate-1 associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) is a 279 amino acid protein expressed ubiquitously. In cardiac muscle, HAX-1 was found to modulate the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) by shifting its apparent Ca affinity (pCa). It has been hypothesized that HAX-1 binds phospholamban (PLN), enhancing its inhibitory function on SERCA. HAX-1 effects are reversed by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A that phosphorylates PLN at Ser16. To date, the molecular mechanisms for HAX-1 regulation of the SERCA/PLN complex are still unknown. Using enzymatic, in cell assays, circular dichroism, and NMR spectroscopy, we found that in the absence of a binding partner HAX-1 is essentially disordered and adopts a partial secondary structure upon interaction with lipid membranes. Also, HAX-1 interacts with the cytoplasmic region of monomeric and pentameric PLN as detected by NMR and in cell FRET assays, respectively. We propose that the regulation of the SERCA/PLN complex by HAX-1 is mediated by its interactions with lipid membranes, adding another layer of control in Ca homeostatic balance in the heart muscle.
Journal Title: Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes
Publisher: Unknown  
Date Published: 2019