Exopolysaccharide from Bacillus subtilis Induces Anti-Inflammatory M2 Macrophages That Prevent T Cell-Mediated Disease Journal Article

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Authors: Paynich, M. L.; Jones-Burrage, S. E.; Knight, K. L.
Article Title: Exopolysaccharide from Bacillus subtilis Induces Anti-Inflammatory M2 Macrophages That Prevent T Cell-Mediated Disease
Abstract: Commensal bacteria contribute to immune homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract; however, the underlying mechanisms for this are not well understood. A single dose of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the probiotic spore-forming bacterium Bacillus subtilis protects mice from acute colitis induced by the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium Adoptive transfer of macrophage-rich peritoneal cells from EPS-treated mice confers protection from disease to recipient mice. In vivo, EPS induces development of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in a TLR4-dependent manner, and these cells inhibit T cell activation in vitro and in C. rodentium-infected mice. In vitro, M2 macrophages inhibit CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The inhibition of CD4+ T cells is dependent on TGF-beta, whereas inhibition of CD8+ T cells is dependent on TGF-beta and PD-L1. We suggest that administration of B. subtilis EPS can be used to broadly inhibit T cell activation and, thus, control T cell-mediated immune responses in numerous inflammatory diseases.
Journal Title: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950)
Volume: 198
Issue: 7
ISSN: 1550-6606; 0022-1767
Publisher: by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc  
Journal Place: United States
Date Published: 2017
Start Page: 2689
End Page: 2698
Language: eng
DOI/URL:

10.4049/jimmunol.1601641
Notes: LR: 20170323; CI: Copyright (c) 2017; GR: F31 DK104541/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 AI050260/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 AI110586/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 AI098187/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; JID: 2985117R; NIHMS847597; PMCR: 2018/04/01; 2016/09/21 [received]; 2017/01/19 [accepted]; ppublish