Epidemiology of Dysglycemia in Pregnant Oklahoma American Indian Women Journal Article

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Authors: Azar, M.; Stoner, J. A.; Dao, H. D.; Stephens, L.; Goodman, J. R.; Maynard, J.; Lyons, T. J.
Article Title: Epidemiology of Dysglycemia in Pregnant Oklahoma American Indian Women
Abstract: CONTEXT: Minority communities are disproportionately affected by diabetes, and minority women are at an increased risk for glucose intolerance (dysglycemia) during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES: In pregnant American Indian women, the objectives of the study were to use current criteria to estimate the prevalence of first-trimester (Tr1) dysglycemia and second-trimester (Tr2) incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to explore new candidate measures and identify associated clinical factors. DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study. In Tr1 we performed a 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to determine the following: fasting insulin; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol; noninvasive skin autofluorescence (SCOUT). We defined dysglycemia by American Diabetes Association and Endocrine Society criteria and as HbA1c of 5.7% or greater. In Tr2 in an available subset, we performed a repeat OGTT and SCOUT. PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant American Indian women (n = 244 at Tr1; n = 114 at Tr2) participated in the study. OUTCOMES: The prevalence of dysglycemia at Tr1 and incidence of GDM at Tr2 were measured. RESULTS: At Tr1, one woman had overt diabetes; 36 (15%) had impaired glucose tolerance (American Diabetes Association criteria and/or abnormal HbA1c) and 59 (24%) had GDM-Tr1 (Endocrine Society criteria). Overall, 74 (30%) had some form of dysglycemia. Associated factors were body mass index, hypertension, waist/hip circumferences, SCOUT score, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. At Tr2, 114 of the Tr1 cohort underwent a repeat OGTT and SCOUT, and 26 (23%) had GDM. GDM-Tr2 was associated with increased SCOUT scores (P = .029) and Tr1 body mass index, waist/hip circumferences, diastolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, and triglyceride levels. Overall, dysglycemia at Tr1 and/or Tr2 affected 38% of the women. CONCLUSIONS: Dysglycemia at some point during pregnancy was common among American Indian women. It was associated with features of insulin resistance and may confer long-term health risks for mother and child.
Journal Title: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
Volume: 100
Issue: 8
ISSN: 1945-7197; 0021-972X
Publisher: Unknown  
Journal Place: United States
Date Published: 2015
Start Page: 2996
End Page: 3003
Language: eng
DOI/URL:

10.1210/jc.2015-1779
Notes: LR: 20150904; JID: 0375362; OID: NLM: PMC4525008 [Available on 08/01/16]; PMCR: 2016/08/01 00:00; 2015/06/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish