ADAR1 is essential for intestinal homeostasis and stem cell maintenance Journal Article

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Authors: Qiu, W; Wang, X; Buchanan, M.; He, K.; Sharma, R.; Zhang, L; Wang, Q.; Yu, J
Article Title: ADAR1 is essential for intestinal homeostasis and stem cell maintenance
Abstract: Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is a double-stranded RNA-editing enzyme that converts adenosine (A) to inosine (I), and essential for normal development. In this study, we reported an essential role of ADAR1 in the survival and maintenance of intestinal stem cells and intestinal homoeostasis by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and interferon (IFN) signaling. ADAR1 was highly expressed in the Lgr5+ cells, and its deletion in adult mice led to a rapid apoptosis and loss of these actively cycling stem cells in the small intestine and colon. ADAR1 deletion resulted in a drastic expansion of progenitors and Paneth cells but a reduction of three other major epithelial lineages. Moreover, loss of ADAR1 induced ER stress and activation of IFN signaling, and altered expression in WNT targets, followed by intestinal inflammation. An ER stress inhibitor partially suppressed crypt apoptosis. Finally, data from cultured intestinal crypts demonstrated that loss of ADAR1 in the epithelial cells is the primary cause of these effects. These results support an essential role of ADAR1 and RNA editing in tissue homeostasis and stem cells.
Journal Title: Cell death disease
Volume: 4
ISSN: 2041-4889
Publisher: Unknown  
Journal Place: England
Date Published: 2013
Start Page: e599
Language: eng
DOI/URL:

10.1038/cddis.2013.125
Notes: LR: 20141120; GR: CA106348/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: CA121105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: CA129829/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30CA047904/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA106348/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA121105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA172136/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21AI078094/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: UO1-DK085570/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101524092; 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal); 0 (Lgr5 protein, mouse); 0 (RNA-Binding Proteins); 0 (Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled); 0 (Wnt Proteins); 094ZI81Y45 (Tamoxifen); 9008-11-1 (Interferons); EC 3.5.4.4 (ADARB1 protein, human); EC 3.5.4.4 (Adenosine Deaminase); OID: NLM: PMC3641348; epublish