Combination immunotherapies implementing adoptive T-cell transfer for advanced-stage melanoma Journal Article

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Authors: Foley, K. C.; Nishimura, M. I.; Moore, T. V.
Article Title: Combination immunotherapies implementing adoptive T-cell transfer for advanced-stage melanoma
Abstract: Immunotherapy is a promising method of treatment for a number of cancers. Many of the curative results have been seen specifically in advanced-stage melanoma. Despite this, single-agent therapies are only successful in a small percentage of patients, and relapse is very common. As chemotherapy is becoming a thing of the past for treatment of melanoma, the combination of cellular therapies with immunotherapies appears to be on the rise in in-vivo models and in clinical trials. These forms of therapies include tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, T-cell receptor, or chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells, cytokines [interleukin (IL-2), IL-15, IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma], antibodies (alphaPD-1, alphaPD-L1, alphaTIM-3, alphaOX40, alphaCTLA-4, alphaLAG-3), dendritic cell-based vaccines, and chemokines (CXCR2). There are a substantial number of ongoing clinical trials using two or more of these combination therapies. Preliminary results indicate that these combination therapies are a promising area to focus on for cancer treatments, especially melanoma. The main challenges with the combination of cellular and immunotherapies are adverse events due to toxicities and autoimmunity. Identifying mechanisms for reducing or eliminating these adverse events remains a critical area of research. Many important questions still need to be elucidated in regard to combination cellular therapies and immunotherapies, but with the number of ongoing clinical trials, the future of curative melanoma therapies is promising.
Journal Title: Melanoma research
Volume: 28
Issue: 3
ISSN: 1473-5636; 0960-8931
Publisher: Unknown  
Journal Place: England
Date Published: 2018
Start Page: 171
End Page: 184
Language: eng
DOI/URL:

10.1097/CMR.0000000000000436
Notes: LR: 20180425; GR: P01 CA154778/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA090873/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9109623; NIHMS939890; PMCR: 2019/06/01 00:00; 2019/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]; 2018/03/10 06:00 [pubmed]; 2018/03/10 06:00 [medline]; 2018/03/10 06:00 [entrez]; ppublish