Patterns of sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure in the African Diaspora Journal Article


Authors: Tayo, B. O.; Luke, A; McKenzie, C. A.; Kramer, H; Cao, G; Durazo-Arvizu, R; Forrester, T; Adeyemo, A. A.; Cooper, R. S.
Article Title: Patterns of sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure in the African Diaspora
Abstract: Habitual levels of dietary sodium and potassium are correlated with age-related increases in blood pressure (BP) and likely have a role in this phenomenon. Although extensive published evidence exists from randomized trials, relatively few large-scale community surveys with multiple 24-h urine collections have been reported. We obtained three 24-h samples from 2704 individuals from Nigeria, Jamaica and the United States to evaluate patterns of intake and within-person relationships with BP. The average (+/-s.d.) age and weight of the participants across all the three sites were 39.9+/-8.6 years and 76.1+/-21.2 kg, respectively, and 55% of the total participants were females. Sodium excretion increased across the East-West gradient (for example, 123.9+/-54.6, 134.1+/-48.8, 176.6+/-71.0 (+/-s.d.) mmol, Nigeria, Jamaica and US, respectively), whereas potassium was essentially unchanged (for example, 46.3+/-22.9, 40.7+/-16.1, 44.7+/-16.4 (+/-s.d.) mmol, respectively). In multivariate analyses both sodium (positively) and potassium (negatively) were strongly correlated with BP (P0.001); quantitatively the association was stronger, and more consistent in each site individually, for potassium. The within-population day-to-day variation was also greater for sodium than for potassium. Among each population group, a significant correlation was observed between sodium and urine volume, supporting the prior finding of sodium as a determinant of fluid intake in free-living individuals. These data confirm the consistency with the possible role of dietary electrolytes as hypertension risk factors, reinforcing the relevance of potassium in these populations.
Journal Title: Journal of human hypertension
Volume: 26
Issue: 5
ISSN: 1476-5527; 0950-9240
Publisher: Unknown  
Journal Place: England
Date Published: 2012
Start Page: 315
End Page: 324
Language: eng
DOI/URL:
Notes: LR: 20131017; GR: R01 HL053353-13/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01HL 053353/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R37 HL045508-17/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R37HL045508/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8811625; 0 (Potassium, Dietary); 0 (Sodium Chloride, Dietary); NIHMS283789; OID: NLM: NIHMS283789; OID: NLM: PMC3158967; 2011/05/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish